Plato And Aristotle Disagree About Virtue. Plato And...

Plato and Aristotle Disagree about Virtue Plato and Aristotle are great philosophers and they have talked a lot about virtue. Although these two people started from similar settings, their ideas about virtue were actually different. Plato’s philosophy was more about non-material things, like ideas and love. On the other hand, Aristotle liked things that are more measurable and physicals. In this paper, I will first discuss Plato’s ideas about the nature of virtue, which people have virtue when they are born and people can develop virtue when they believe in god. Then, I will follow a discussion of Aristotle’s ideas that virtue can be learned by ourselves. Finally, I will conclude by comparing the two different ideas virtue’s nature. To sum†¦show more content†¦Therefore, the things that are appropriate to the soul/mind, according to Plato, is virtue, and one of the aspects of virtue is wisdom. It can be seen from this quote that Plato thinks that one of the aspects of virtue is wisdom, wh ich is self-awareness and knowing about things, like one’s proper function in life. Plato also says that when a soul that is pregnant with virtue, it â€Å"has the luck to find a soul that is beautiful and noble and well-formed, he is even more drawn to this combination; such a man makes him instantly teem with ideas and arguments about virtue – the qualities a virtuous man should have and the customary activities in which he should engage; and so he tries to educate him. In my view, you see, when he makes contact with someone beautiful and keeps company with him, he conceives and gives birth to what he has been carrying inside him for ages† (Plato, 1989, p.492). This quote shows that Plato thinks that a person can learn about their own proper function by associating with someone who already has this wisdom; it cannot be increased. Therefore, for Plato, the aspects of virtue are things like wisdom, beauty, or nobility, which all can be revealed but cannot be dev eloped more. The next thing that will be discussed is Plato’s ideas on the purpose of virtue. In the Symposium, Plato used Socrates’s speech to express that the use of virtue is to help makeShow MoreRelated Aristotle vs. Plato Essay1408 Words   |  6 PagesAristotle vs. Plato Excellence is a function which renders excellent the thing of which it is a function is Plato’s definition of virtue. What does this definition really mean though? Plato and Aristotle both had their own unique arguments devoted to the topic at hand, and their own ways of describing what virtue really is. Defining virtue may seem to be an easy taste, but to truly understand the arguments behind the definition can prove to be very challenging.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before discussing virtueRead MoreWhat Makes A Good Life?1274 Words   |  6 Pagesthe key to good environment for people to live in. Plato and Aristotle are two philosopher that had great influence of the modern western ways of thinking. Their ideas and theory may not be completely correct, but we should view it as a progression of history and how it influence our ways of thinking. Although they bear some superficial similarities, the difference between Plato and Aristotle are striking. Plato was an idealist, while Aristotle is a realist, and they had ideas on how people shouldRead MoreThe Formations Of The Mankind System1568 Words   |  7 Pagesbars, or in other case it may be pecuniary, anyway the purpose is to make the victim feel equal again, according to flexibility in justice s administration. Nevertheless, the justice remains a stumbling block topic, because in many cases people disagree over what they have received and what they thought they actually deserved. In such discords every individual wants impartial and reasonable decisions to be made, that is why the personified images of justice often wears a blindfold - people wantRead MoreThe Ideal Society As Suggested By Plato993 Words   |  4 PagesThe ideal society as suggested by Plato is composed of three classes: the producers, the auxiliaries, and the guardians. The producers are the craftsmen, farmers etc.; the auxiliaries are the warriors/soldiers; and the guardians are the rulers. This hierarchy places the rulers at the top of the food chain followed by the auxiliaries with the producers at the bottom. In this society, each group is required to perform is appropriate function and only that function. It is the rulers’ job to rule,Read MorePlato And Aristotle On Justice And Law1565 Words   |  7 Pages Plato and Aristotle lived in a time where rule of man was the common practice in government. Under the system of the rule of man, citizens are governed by an individual or small group of rulers. On the other hand, the idea of the rule of law is one that proposes that laws should be supreme over each citizen including the ruler(s). In their writings, Plato and Aristotle focused on justice and law, and the reasons they are important in society. Throughout history, many leaders have looked to theseRead MoreReview of Aristotles Nichomac hean Ethics1388 Words   |  6 PagesPeters with an introduction by Hye-Kyung Kim. Aristotle was one of the great early philosophers who ventured to speak to humans about how they conducted themselves as they related to others; however, some of Aristotle’s ideologies were debated by his counterparts for hundreds of years. Aristotle’s plethora of ideas was and has been adopted by past and present philosophers as they approached subject matter that had very few definitive answers. Aristotle was born in circa 384 B. C. and died in 322Read MoreAristotle And Plato : Definition Of A Good Citizen1965 Words   |  8 PagesJessica Arteaga-Ramirez Jackie Vieceli PS311 October 06, 2016 Aristotle and Plato (definition of a good citizen) Like other ancient philosophers, Aristotle and Plato had two different conceptions of the state, justice, and politics. They both lived in Greece but had different points of views on the natural of all citizens and how citizens were capable of being perfect in the state. Surprisingly, the same debates that guided Plato and Aristotle’s work remain with us today. What is a good citizenRead More The Soul According to Plato, Aristotle, and Augustine Essay1184 Words   |  5 PagesThe Soul According to Plato, Aristotle, and Augustine The soul can be defined as a perennial enigma that one may never understand. But many people rose to the challenge of effectively explaining just what the soul is about, along with outlining its desires. Three of these people are Plato, Aristotle, and Augustine. Even though all three had distinctive views, the similarities between their views are strikingly vivid. The soul indeed is an enigma to mankind and the only rational explanation ofRead MoreThe Paradox of Democracy1831 Words   |  8 Pageslife, the best system of government is conducted in accordance with excellence.† (Aristotle, N. Ethics 1295a- 25) In terms of Democracy, Plato and Aristotle differ extensively. For instance, Plato considers Democracy as a fundamentally corrupted form of government, where the possession of power rests upon the will of the masses, which for Plato are incapable of achieving true knowledge. Conversely, Aristotle recognizes Democracy among the best forms of governance. However, he argues that democraticRead MoreComparing Plato and Aristotles Acquisition of Ethical Understanding3048 Words   |  13 PagesComparing Plato and Aristotles Acquisition of Ethical Understanding It is almost impossible to have a universal definition of what ethics is, the only way to really observe it is in practise; how does ethics shape our lives and how is it acquired? Ethics applies to both us and the people around us and so is both politically important and important to the individual. Plato and Aristotle had contrasting opinions on both what ethics is, how it is useful and who can obtain

Choosing Good General Ielts Essay Topics with Answers

Choosing Good General Ielts Essay Topics with Answers The best method to keep updated with our most recent posts is to like our page on Facebook. In addition, there are daily practice activities on our FB page. So many individuals think IELTS Exam is valid only in the united kingdom or Australia and, as an example, it's not valid in the united states, New Zealand, etc.. Most inflated letters could be interpreted in line with the zone in which they stand. General Ielts Essay Topics with Answers - the Conspiracy Fortunately, there are a few immigration agents readily available online and offline who can assist the people to immigrate abroad for travel, study or employment purposes. The urge to be part of business schools abroad won't be fulfilled without clearing GMAT. The very first explanation is that the literature of their house country could possibly be too boring, making learning extremely frustrating. Furthermore, the literature of different countries exposes students to a number of distinct cultures, so studying it helps broaden their knowledge about other areas of the world. The majority of the questions are on current topics, therefore staying current with what's going on in the world will truly help you think of ideas. Do that only when you exactly imagine what is going to be the results of your story. It is intriguing to remember that there is apparently a sizable body of work that suggests a connection between beliefs, values and goals. One reason that's often given is the rise in violence both on television and in computer games. Also, be certain to check at the word in a sentence to be mindful of the way it relates to other words. It is likewise very important to review words regularly. Writing sections, it's quite essential for you in case you write your own words. You also ought to discover the proper words and sentences. Don't repeat the exact same words too often and attempt to use synonyms, particularly if you feel the need to emphasise the very same idea in one paragraph. You will obviously not have the capability to predict the precise topic that will come up. Slang and senseless rhetoric needs to be avoided. It is very important to remember that it doesn't make a difference what your opinion is! Now you've given your opinion, you should back this up. Examine both views and provide your own opinion. Examine both opinions and provide your own opinion. The Chronicles of General Ielts Essay Topics with Answers Possessing relevant vocabulary for each topic will provide you a huge advantage. It is divided into subtopics which you should prepare. To get ready for the ACADEMIC WRITING TASK 2 you must analyze and brainstorm different essay topics in order to have a wide selection of ideas on IELTS type questions. Write about the next topic. Scholarships are awarded based on various categories. Students can submit an application for scholarships based on academic performance, though some universities also provide scholarships based on an essay of expression or due to your extracurricular pursuits. If you've taken the IELTS test recently, then you may post your question for different students to check at. In the General Training Writing Task 1, you're provided a circumstance and tested on your capacity to compose a letter in an ideal style in order to reach a certain outcome. Task asks you'll discover ielts. The IELTS essayAKA IELTS Writing Task 2is the most trustworthy area of the exam. Frequent Myths about IELTS It isn't true that should you take your IELTS Exam in your house country then you'll get a high score. In the written portion of the IELTS exam, you'll need to reveal your vocabulary's rich. In all regions of the IELTS exam, you should try and demonstrate that you've got a wide understanding of English vocabulary, make certain that you write with correct spelling and prevent silly little grammar mistakes. If you're going to succeed in the IELTS test you should be using and exposing yourself to English everyday.

Realism and the War on Terror Essay - 542 Words

Realist thought on international relations fit comfortably within the context of the great wars of the twentieth century. Powerful nations possessing massive military forces took aim at one another to affect the hierarchical structure of the international system for the good of their own security and power. These wars, however, differ greatly from today’s unconventional war on terrorism. Therefore, the realist theories of yesterday, while still useful, require at least some tweaking to fit the present situation. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Probably the most obvious critique of realism with regard to the war on terrorism is that it is a theory that deals with international relations. The belligerents in the war on terrorism are not†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;On the other hand, one area in which realism is valuable to the war on terrorism is with regard to the notion that raw military might is one of the best, if not the best way for nations to ensure their security and prosperity. While it is a bit dubious to assume that conventional military forces will be able to effectively combat individual physical acts of terrorism, it is reasonable to assume that military force can be used to change some of the root causes of terrorist action. Many of the terrorist attacks against the United States over the past two decades have been carried out by Islamic extremists from impoverished countries run by tyrannically oppressive regimes. The quality of life for most people in these countries is miserable at best. As such, it should come as no surprise that people from these circumstances are prone to defending with violence what they believe to be attacks by the West on the only good thing they have – religion. However, in the absence of such wretched circumstance, it is likely that they will be less inclined to act violently. History has shown that the most effective way to create wealth and subsequently improve quality of life is within the framework of capitalism supported by liberal democratic institutions. Conventional military might can, as we have seen recently in Iraq, depose tyrannical regimes and replace them withShow MoreRelatedWhy Do Some States Engage In War? This Has Been A Crucial1744 Words   |  7 PagesWhy do some states engage in war? This has been a crucial question for humanity as well as for many international relations scholars that study the relationship between states and how they coexist in the international context. Througho ut history, many influential thinkers have come up with theories to explain the nature of the international system and the behavior of states. Liberal theories such as the democratic peace theory argue that war can be justifiable if it represents the establishment ofRead MoreThe Realism Theory Of The War On Afghanistan1648 Words   |  7 Pagesthat disqualify the realism theory in examining the War in Afghanistan. For example, realism explicitly applies to relations between nations and consequently, war between countries. This was not the case, since the war did and still does not involve conflict between America and Afghanistan. Rather the war was between America and the Taliban government that supported the infamous terror group, al Qaeda. For this reason, realist theory does not explain this highly controversial war. Another aspect thatRead MoreInternational Relations Concepts1059 Words   |  4 Pagesengagement of the parties (Wilkinson 2007). 2. How do realism and liberalism differ? Realism is based on the mindset of military might, war hysteria and aiming to gain maximum ground against the rivals. The military empowerment and use of force as a means to protecting oneself makes up for the main idea of realism. In a practical scenario, the Cold war era depicted the realism in terms of international relationship. In the light of realism, the countries aimed at establishing their influence byRead MoreRealism and Romanticism within The Red Badge of Courage1595 Words   |  6 PagesRealism and Romanticism Within The Red Badge of Courage The Red Badge of Courage, written by Stephan Crane in 1895 gives a detailed, yet, fictional account of Henry Fleming, a farm boy who joins the Union Army in the American Civil War. Before Henry is battle-tested, he ponders his courage and questions whether he will be able to fight the urge to flee from battle. Henry does indeed end up deserting his comrades however he ultimately overcomes his guilt and becomes one of the best fighters in hisRead MoreThe War Of Fools By Barbara Tuchman1383 Words   |  6 Pageserrors and misunderstandings that culminated after the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The Guns of August is the story of a war of fools: an account of the deliberate decisions of ambitious, flawed and self-interested statesmen who knew exactly what they were getting into and who ultimately determined the fate of their countries. This was also a war of what ifs: what if Germany had gone east in 1914 and remained on the defense against France or what if the Kaise r had read Grahame’s storyRead MoreU.s. Hegemonic War : The Rise Of New Global Powers1239 Words   |  5 PagesOver the years, the world has seen many wars, out of which a lot took place when there was shift in power balance. World War l was thought to be the end of all wars, and then a few years later, World War ll took place. The question that rises today is whether hegemonic war is likely to happen again with the rise of new global powers. Jack Levy describes hegemonic war as one in which the decisive victory of at least one side is both a reasonable possibility and one that would be likely to result inRead MoreRealism Is The Most Convincing Paradigm For International Relations? Essay1579 Words   |  7 PagesWOULD YOU AGREE THAT REALISM IS THE MOST CONVINCING PARADIGM FOR INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS? WHAT ARE THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF REALISM AS A THEORY FOR INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS? Realism has dominated international relations theory since emerging in the 1930’s. The era of state conflict lasting from the 1930’s to the end of the cold war in 1947, proved the perfect hostile environment to fit the largely pessimistic view of world politics. While many aspects of realism are still alive in InternationalRead MoreTerrorism Is Not Only A Weapon Used By Non State Actors, Regimes, And Governments?1213 Words   |  5 PagesWhen discussing terrorism from a realism point a view, many do not believe realists have much to say on the topic since realists concerns focuses on state interaction and terrorists as some believe are transnational actors. While it may be easier to pick any other international theory, there are some aspects of realism that can explain terrorism and will be explained throughout this section. One, terrorism is not only a weapon used by non-state actors, regimes and governments use it against theirRead MoreRealism Is The Best For Ruling Because Essay1690 Words   |  7 PagesRealism is seeing the problem as it is and dealing with it accordingly. Many people in political power tend to see problems through a realistic lens. This is because in a democracy you are elected into power by the people so, a politician needs the people to love him. However, who loves you today may not love you tomorrow so, a politician must always be a ‘people pleaser’. While a politician in a communist power uses fear which is the best for ruling because they will not disobey you. How fear canRead MoreThe Debate Over The U.s. Invasion Of Iraq1165 Words   |  5 Pagestheories: Realism and Marxism. Also, I found another useful theory, which will fit in the case if this invasion is security dilemma. There is always controversial among international politics scholars, which discussed the theories that were most likely providing comprehensive and insights regarding accounting for this invasion. Literature Review Three theories can explain and provide comprehensive understanding concerning accounting on the U.S. invasion of Iraq. Those three principles are Realism, Marxism

Introduction to Mental Health

Question: Discuss about the Introduction to Mental Health. Answer: Introduction Health involves being physically, mentally, socially and spiritually healthy and not just the absence of disease. Hence, a nurse who is responsible for providing total patient care should be able to provide both physical and mental care. As physical health is directly proportional to mental health, a nurse has to understand the basic concepts of mental health so as to provide holistic care. According to me, a nurse has to understand what is mental illness, its classification (DSM), integrating mental- health care with primary health- care as well as importance and methods of practicing advocacy in mental health field before caring a mentally ill person. This essay discusses about the application and importance of selected concepts that are most important for a nurse to practice in mental- health field. Mental Illness At first, a nurse has to understand what is mental illness, its causes and features to provide optimal mental- health care. Hence, she has to be able to distinguish between mental-health and mental-illness. A person is said to have mental-illness, if he/she has maladjustment in normal living (Bowins, 2016). A nurse has to evaluate for the presence of any disharmony in an individuals ability to meet his/her needs comfortably and effectively and function in a culture to determine whether a person has mental-illness or not. The diagnosis of mental-illness is crucial for a nurse to provide specialized care. A nurse should be able to determine that a mentally-ill patient may lose his/her ability to respond based on the expectations what he has about himself as well as the demands that community has for him. Generally, an individual is considered to be mentally-ill, if the patients behavior causes distress with suffering to self and others and when a persons behavior causes disturbances in daily activities, work and relationships with others. An efficient nurse has to rule out the causes for mental- illness to provide nursing care accordingly. She has to clearly determine the factors causing mental- illness by analyzing predisposing factors (as genetic inheritance, physical injury to central- nervous system, adverse psycho-social influence) (Schwab, 2013), precipitating factors (as physical or psycho-social stress) and perpetuating factors (as chronic stress, marital disharmony) in a patient to plan for nursing care based on the etiology as targeting care is more powerful than non- targeting care. A nurse has to clearly determine the signs and symptoms of mental- illness based on disturbances in various aspects to clearly diagnose the disorder. The disturbances in motor behavior involve features of motor retardation, stupors, flexibility (waxy), negativism, excitement, agitation, echopraxia and ambi-tendency. The disorders of thought, language with communication involves pressure of speech, clang associations, tangentiality, thought- block, thoughtinsertion, thought- broadcasting, echolalia, incoherence, neologism, poverty of speech, dysarthria, delusions, loosening of association, obsessions and phobia. The perception disorders involve features as illusion, de-realization, etc and disorders of emotion involve blunt affect, euphoria, dysphoric mood, depression, etc. The disturbances of consciousness include reduced consciousness, delirium and coma and disturbances in attention involves distractility and selective inattention (Shives, 2008). A nurse should rule out disturbances in attention (distractibility), problems in orientation , disorders of memory (amnesia), impaired judgment and disturbance in biological functioning (vomiting, loss of appetite, insomnia). Diagnostic- and Statistical- Manual of Mental- disorders(DSM) Secondly, a nurse should clearly understand the DSM classification to work in mental- health field. DSM is the classification of mental-illnesses by theAmerican- Psychiatric Association. It provides a common language as well as standardized criteria for classifying mental illnesses. It is used by all the mental- health physicians, nurses, researchers,psychiatry-drugregulatory agencies,health-insurance companies, pharmaceutical-companies, legal-system and policy framers as it follows multi-axial patterns. A nurse has to use DSM with other alternative classifications (as ICD-10 classification) to classify mental illness and provide nursing care accordingly. The nurse has to follow the latest DSM-V classification that was published in 2013 as there were lots of revisions since from its first publication (APA, 2013). It evaluates a patient in 5 different dimensions rather than just analyzing one broader aspect of mental illness. Its dimensions are related to physical, psychological, societal with other aspects and hence DSM-V classification will guide a nurse to provide mental-health services based on various dimensions. Though, International-classification of diseasesis also used for classifying mental-disorders, DSM is considered as more perfect to provide optimal mental- health care because of its holistic involvement. Though there are various criticisms in DSM classification system as unscientific and subjective system, its reliance on superficialfeatures, lack of validityandreliability, using artificial divisions between categories and cultural bias; it is used as best classification system to rule out the disorders so as to provide accurate nursing care (Kendell, 2003). A nurse has to use this classification to determine and evaluate the mental- illness to provide mental-health care and also help to communicate the person's diagnosis to hospitals, nursing clinics and insurance companies. DSM can also be used to classify patients for research studies. Primary health- care Thirdly, a nurse should be competent enough to provide mental- health care by integrating with primary health- care as they are the basic front- line services provided to a person at his home. A nurse should be able to provide both physical and psychological health as per WHOs recommendations, which involves integrating specialized health- services (such as mental-health services) into PHC (WHO, 2001, Funk, 2008). In providing mental- health services in PHC, the nurses play a great role in diagnosing as well as treating persons with mental illnesses and developing strategic plans to prevent mental illnesses. A person working in mental- health should be able to apply psycho-social with behavioral skills (as interviewing, patient counseling with inter-personal skills) in their daily work to promote health-outcomes in primary health-care (WHO, 2007b). The mental-health nurses working in primary health centers should strive to reduce stigma of receiving integrated care and should improve accessibility to mental-health services as well as treatment of co-morbid physical disorders leading to mental illnesses as HIV/AIDS, cancer, tuberculosis, etc (WHO, 2007a). The mental health nurse should be able to attend physical-health needs of persons having mental illness and the mental-health needs of persons with physical illness to enhance better outcomes. She has to help to prevent development of mental illness so as to provide holistic approach, improve financial and physical accessibility to care, to reduce chronicity and improve societal integration both for persons with mental illnesses and their family (WHO, 2008). Ultimately, a nurse should be able to provide primary (mental) care services in community area to protect human rights. Advocacy Next, advocacy is a fundamental philosophical-foundation for nursing- profession that all the nurses should be capable of practicing in all settings (ICN, 2000). Australian Nursing- Council (2002) has stated that advocacy is one of the core- competencies of an Australian registered nurse (MacDonald, 2006, Kubsch, 2004). World Health- Organization has developed the concept of mental- health advocacy in- order to promote the human- rights of people with mental illnesses and to minimize stigma as well as discrimination which every nurses should practice in mental- health field. It involves different actions that are aimed at modifying majority of the structural with attitudinal barriers to achieve positive mental-health outcomes in humans (Jugessur, 2009). Advocacy is one among the 11 action areas in the mental- health policy due to its benefits on mentally-ill persons and their relatives (WHO, 2001). The nurses has to exercise advocacy that involves various principal elements as advocacy actions involving increasing awareness, providing information, education, training, mutual helping, counseling, mediating, defending as well as denouncing and drawing attention to tackle barriers for mental-health. The nurses have to take effort to manage the issues as lack of mental- health services, unaffordable cost, lack of parity of mental with physical health, poorer quality-of-care in mental- hospitals, lack of housing for mentally-ill persons, stigma, improper implementation of mental-health policies, etc. Hence, mental- health nurses should assume an active role in protecting the rights of mentally-ill patients and improving awareness about improved services by adapting advocacy roles, which are related to the clinical work based on patient a nd family perspectives, participating in the patient and family activities, supporting their development. The aim of advocacy actions should involve modifying stigma with negative attitude about patients and families and to improve the quality of mental health services and of the treatment and care provided (Jugessur, 2009). The two areas of nursing-advocacy involve advocacy for mental-health that aims to promote mental-health in the daily lives of individuals, families, groups and communities and advocacy for mental illnesses aims to promote the knowledge and acceptance of mental illness by general population. Conclusion Thus, nursing is a divine profession that involves providing optimal care to each and every people irrespective of caste, race, color and creed including type of illness (physical or mental). A professional nurse can provide complete care to a person, only when his/her physical with psychological needs are met. A nurse should understand the above discussed four concepts to be an effective Mental-Health Nurse. Reference American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2013). Diagnostic- and Statistical- Manual of Mental- disorders(DSM): American Psychiatric Association. Australian Nursing Council. (2002). National Competency Standard for the Registered and the Enrolled Nurse. ANCI: Australia. Bowins, B.(2016). Mental Illness Defined: Continuums, Regulation, and Defense. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?isbn=1315514117 Funk, M. (2008). Integrating mental health into primary healthcare: Mental Health Family Medicine. 5(1): 58. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2777555/ Jugessur, T. (2009). Advocacy in mental health nursing: an integrative review of the literature: Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2850.2008.01315.x Kendell, R Jablensky, A. (2003).Distinguishing Between the Validity and Utility of Psychiatric Diagnoses:American Journal of Psychiatry.160(1): 412.doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.1.4. Kubsch, S.M et al. (2004). A holistic model of advocacy: factors that influence its use: Complementary Therapies in Nursing and Midwifery.10: 3745. MacDonald, H. (2006). Relational ethics and advocacy in nursing: literature review: Journal of Advanced Nursing. 57: 119126. Schwab, J. (2013). Socio-cultural Roots of Mental Illness: An Epidemiologic Survey. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?isbn=1468424335 Shives, L.R.(2008). Basic Concepts of Psychiatric-mental Health Nursing. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?isbn=0781797071 WHO. (2007a). Integrating mental health services into primary health care. Geneva: World Health Organization-2007. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/mental_health/policy/services/en/index.html, WHO. (2007b). Advocacy For Mental Health. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/mental_health/policy/services/1_advocacy_WEB_07.pdf?ua= WHO. (2008). Integrating mental health into primary care: A global perspective. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/mental_health/resources/mentalhealth_PHC_2008.pdf World Health Organization. (2001). Mental health: new understanding, new hope. Geneva: World Health Organization. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/whr/2001/en/whr01_en.pdf

The Constitution in Public Administration A Report on Education

The American constitution is supreme to other laws in the country; with this notion, public administration must follow the demand of the constitution. The constitution should be the overall law that governs issues and management of public institutions; in some instances, the constitution may have some bureaucracy that hinders efficiency among public administrators however it is normative that the administrators understand the requirements of the law and follow them.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Constitution in Public Administration: A Report on Education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In some cases, the constitution is seen to offer some stuck guidelines that are only needed to be followed for the general good of the law. Some scholars have argued that some of the demand made under the constitution lead to designs of inefficiency among public institutions. Among public administration causes, there have b een debates and recommendations that the rule of law should be taught; this is to facilitate knowledge among them and ensure when they are taking the oath of office, they understand what they are committing themselves to. In general the oath mandates them to uphold the rule of law and act ethically for the general good of the entire society (Rorh, 1982). Ethics and Comparative Administration Public servants of U.S. bureaucracy system are expected to uphold high degrees of ethics when working and performing their tasks; the general belief is that the constitution has some frameworks that can be used as the pillars of ethical code of conducts. The constitution should protect moral aspects of human being respecting ones fundamental rights and freedom. According to the article, democracy has an effect on bureaucratic ethics, there is need to have freedom of choice and expression. Although the bureaucratic ethics notion, the system of operation that administrators should adopt should res pect the rule of law and ensure that they perform their duties diligently, professionally, with the heart and the interests of the larger majority in their heart. I agree with the argument that democratic governance is the foundation of bureaucratic ethics; this is so because when the ruling class adopts effective systems of governance, the policies they make will be ethical and for the general good of the society. For example, the police are expected to ensure justice prevails in the society; they should have effective systems of administration. For instance, when a crime has been committed that calls for the use of public funds, police should not use the amounts selectively, they should have the same policy.Advertising Looking for essay on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to my belief, the society can attain high levels of bureaucratic ethics however there is need to have a central body that c ontrols the flow and direction that behavior among administration officials follow. In the case that there is conflict of issues, the administrating central body should prevail. In a nation’s administration, democracy backed with the constitution stands a better chance to maintain bureaucratic ethics (Rorh, 2007). Conclusion In the administration of social policy, public officials should uphold professionalism, integrity, and ethical behavior. For uniformity, governments need to enact policies that reinforce the rule of law and administration of justice; the constitution is supreme thus it should have guidelines to governance frameworks that support ethical behavior among citizens. Constitution as a course in tertiary education should not be limited to administrators but should be a common course in all professions; this will facilitate administration of justice and respect of fundamental rights freedoms. References Rorh, J. (1982). The Constitution in Public Administration: A Report on Education. American Review of Public Administration, 16(4), 429-440. Rorh, J. (2007). Ethics and Comparative Administration: A Constitutional Commentary. American Review of Public Administration, 10(1), 65-74. This essay on The Constitution in Public Administration: A Report on Education was written and submitted by user Boston Kline to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Analytical Essay Sample on Nike Workers #8220;We Are Not Machines#8221;

Analytical Essay Sample on Nike Workers #8220;We Are Not Machines#8221; Most people are familiar with the Nike logo. Most people also know that Nike is a multi-million dollar company that sells name brand shoes worldwide. Millions of pairs of Nike shoes are sold daily, but what people don’t know about Nike shoes is how and where they are made, who makes them, and how Nike spends its money in this process. According to the â€Å"Sweatshop Fact Sheet,† Tiger Woods is paid over fifty five thousand dollars a day to be their spokesman. Another famous person that is a spokesman for Nike is Michael Jordan. According to the article â€Å"Running Away With the Profits,† (Environmental Action, Academic Search Elite), Michael Jordan is paid twenty million dollars in endorsement fees. Big name sport teams advertise Nike to appeal to the common person. Indonesia is one of many countries around the world that is home to numerous Nike factories. Indonesia is a third world country of 214 million people. The main part of the economy is farmers, with half of these being the labor force. This happens to be an ideal country of choice for Nike to set up their factories for manufacturing their shoes. It allows Nike to take advantage of the local people. These people need to work in these factories to make a living, and they are stuck with the poor working conditions that Nike has provided. One way in which Nike is taking advantage of their workers is through long and hard work hours. According to the article: â€Å"We are not machines,† the Nike’s code of conduct states that the employees in their factories can only work sixty hours a week, and it’s mandatory to have one day off per seven days worked. The task force in the article went in and interviewed the workers at the Nike factory in early 2001 and found that workers’ weeks consisted of seventy hours and more. This depended on the seasonal orders that the workers were obligated to fill. The top worker was working 84 hours a week. When asked if this worker wanted to work this amount of hours, his reply was no. Another worker stated, â€Å"Although overtime is voluntary in my factory, it is forced by nature, since we cannot survive without it.† (â€Å"We are not machines† article) He has to work this amount of hours or he can’t afford anything for his family. Another thing that you might not know about Nike workers is the low pay they receive. The same report, â€Å"We are not machines,† also found that the average monthly range of pay was from $37 to $44. This averages out to 25 cents per hour. They are stuck working the long hours that Nike demands, or they loose their jobs. Nike says that they are meeting minimum wage standard, which is $2.28 per day, but the workers are working many more hours than required to earn this wage. They are not paying them for their overtime. It takes the average worker one hour of wages to be able to buy 1 kilogram of rice. The average farmer makes about a dollar a day, where the average factory worker makes about two dollars a day. Sure this is more money, but there is a catch 22. The catch 22 is that the factory worker puts in double plus hours each day, in poor working conditions, with no rights. They aren’t learning any basic skills for survival in their country, such as farming. Their ch ildren aren’t learning any basic skills either, because they send them away to live in another village with a relative. They basically can’t afford to provide day care while they work, nor the food to feed their children or themselves. The shoes that these workers are making cost Nike about five dollars per shoe, and on an average, they sell for one hundred dollars or more depending on the shoe. The Nike workers also have to go through the workday in unhealthy work conditions. The process of making shoes involves many chemicals, and if these chemicals aren’t properly managed, the worker’s health is at risk. Dara O’Rourke, a trained health and safety specialist, was allowed in to inspect the Nike factories in Indonesia. He found excessive noise and heat. Levels of toxic chemicals were still present, but reduced. He found misuse of equipment and poor tracking of worker illness. Because of this investigation, Nike went ahead and introduced water based chemicals, which reduced the level of toxic chemicals. When they interviewed some more workers after this, they found that they still had health issues that were unresolved. Another issue that these workers face is not having the right to form unions. According to the article, â€Å"We are not machines,† the workers not only fear for their jobs, but also for their lives, if they even talk about unions. There have been many cases in which workers have been threatened and fired. There was even a case where there was a murder attempt on a worker’s life related to the union. I think it’s pathetic that Nike, which is an American founded company, will not support union activities in their own factories. Many people would ask the question: why is Nike hardly concerned about the welfare of its workers? This can be easily answered by looking at the global economy. The global economy consisted of many companies using third world countries as their base for their factories that make their products. All these companies are backed by the WTO. According to the article: â€Å"Ten Arguments against the WTO,† the WTO is not concerned with where a company manufactures its products or the conditions that it takes place in. The reason that Nike gets away with having factories as such in Indonesia, is that they are backed by the a very powerful world organization, the WTO, thus allowing Nike to make huge profits. Now I am not saying that Nike is free to do what they want. They have been pressured by many independent organizations, which fight for the rights of the factory workers, and the types of conditions described in this article. Because of this, Nike has made some changes throughout t he years that benefit the workers, but it is still not enough. In conclusion, it seems that Nike is making a huge profit at the cost of human live and dignity. Instead of spending millions of dollars on their workers, who are the backbones of making the actual shoes, they are spending it on their advertisements to promote their company. I realize that advertisement is essential to the success of a product, but it should not be at the cost of another human being to make a profit. I know that Nike is just one of thousands of companies that have taken their labor overseas, so that the product can be made at a fraction of its cost. Unfortunately the public sees Nike as a company whose product is worn by the rich and famous, therefore it is something that they would want for themselves. We the consumer enable them to continue this kind of business, because we buy the product. Through global media, we the public are becoming more aware of this kind of exploitation of workers. Overall, I think there is no pride to be found in companies that exploit the ir employees at the cost of a better profit for themselves. Awareness is going to be the key to hopefully fix it in the near future.

Too Much French Vocabulary Is the Haute of Hauteur

Too Much French Vocabulary Is the Haute of Hauteur Too Much French Vocabulary Is the Haute of Hauteur Too Much French Vocabulary Is the Haute of Hauteur By Mark Nichol Thanks to the longstanding political and social influence of France on what is now the United Kingdom, French and its dialects have had a significant impact on the English language. Linguists estimate that nearly one-third of English words are derived from French, and though some are more efficient or evocative in meaning than words that evolved from Old English, terms that ostentatiously signal their place of origin should be used in moderation. Many words we take for granted stem from French, among them some of the terms most closely associated with the United States, such as equality, justice, and liberty. However, Gallicisms, expressions and idioms clearly identifiable as French (though they often have become naturalized citizens in English), are also numerous. For example, many speakers of American English use one or more phrases beginning with the French word for good: â€Å"bon appetit† (literally â€Å"good appetite,† meaning â€Å"enjoy your meal†), â€Å"bon mot† (literally â€Å"good piece,† meaning â€Å"witty remark†), â€Å"bon vivant† (literally â€Å"good liver,† meaning â€Å"one who lives well†), and â€Å"bon voyage† (literally, â€Å"good journey,† meaning â€Å"enjoy your trip†). The first and last are universally familiar, but â€Å"bon mot† and â€Å"bon vivant† are less widely known. And although most well-educated people understand what a coup de grace is, it would be considered pretentious to write of a coup de foudre (literally, â€Å"strike of thunder,† meaning â€Å"love at first sight†), a coup de maitre (literally, â€Å"stroke of the master,† meaning â€Å"masterstroke†), a coup de theatre (literally, â€Å"stroke of theater,† meaning â€Å"dramatic turn of events†), or a coup d’oeil (literally, â€Å"strike of the eye,† meaning â€Å"glance†). Likewise, many other French terms may be at best vaguely familiar to readers, and though readers may not mind going to the dictionary once or twice, writers should be cautious about annoying them by lacing their work with too many words or phrases such as habituà © (â€Å"one who frequents a place†), â€Å"idà ©e fixe† (â€Å"obsession†), louche (â€Å"questionable, or arousing suspicion†), and manque (â€Å"failure†). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Using "a" and "an" Before Words8 Writing Tips for Beginners5 Erroneously Constructed â€Å"Not Only . . . But Also† Sentences